预警原则在环境规划与管理中的应用

Application of Precautionary Principle in Environmental Planning and Management

由于人们对自然生态环境认识的局限性,往往在对环境问题的决策中出现失误.预警原则(PrecautionaryPrinciple)要求即使没有科学的证据,只要假设某些人为活动有可能对生命资源产生某些危险或危害的效应,就应采取适用的技术或措施减缓或直至取消这些影响.预警原则是维护生态系统健康和生态安全的重要原则.本文将预警原则应用于厦门和浙江象山港等地的战略环境评价、环境容量研究和城市规划中,取得了显著的效果.证明预警原则是维护资源和生态安全、避免决策失误、促进社会经济迈向永续发展之路的必要手段,是环境规划与管理的有效工具.

The precautionary principle (PP) can be found in international treaties recent years to protect human health and environment.The PP encourages policies that protect human health and the environment in the face of uncertain risks.It has become a mainstream element of environmental policy.It is a basic and central principle for the urban and regional sustainable development.In this paper,some case studies are introduced including the applications in the strategic environmental assessments in Xiamen City,the Conceptual Planning of Eco-city of Xiamen,and the Project of the Environmental Capacity and Total Pollutant Control in the Xiangshan Bay,Zhejiang Province.The results showed that the PP is an essential approach to maintain resource and ecosystem security,avoid the mistake in decision-making process,and promote (socio-economy) towards sustainability,and is also an effective tool in environmental planning and management.