沿海农业区施用农药的环境费用分析及管理对策

Environmental Cost Analysis and Management Countermeasures of Pesticide Application in Coastal Agricultural Region

从环境经济学这一新的视角探讨了沿海农业区的农药污染问题.选择濒临同安湾的厦门同安区为案例研究区,以1999年7月至2000年6月为研究年限,对该地区施用农药的环境费用加以货币化评估.本研究将环境经济学的评估技术与EQC和SoilFug模型以及层次分析法结合使用,使环境费用的货币化估算更具科学性.结果表明,施用农药产生的外部费用与私人成本的比值大于0.8.基于环境费用分析和SoilFug模型的运算结果,运用线性规划模型求出研究区主要农作物的最佳种植面积,即在减少、控制农药用量的前提下又使经济效益最大的种植结构,以期寻求经济与环境协调发展的新途径.此外,还就征收农药产品税以及发挥价格杠杆作用控制农药污染问题作了探讨.

Pesticide pollution,as a well-known type of major non-point source pollution in coastal agricultural region,causes a series of impacts on the ecological environment which are discussed with the new perspective and analytical ideals of environmental economics in this paper.Tongan District in Xiamen was chosen as the study area which borders on Tongan Bay.The environmental costs incurred by applying pesticides in Tongan District from July 1999 to June 2000 are evaluated.The analytical approaches of environmental economics are combined with the EQC model,Soilfug model and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in the study,which makes the monetary evaluation on the environmental costs more scientific.The result indicates that the ratio of environmental costs to the private costs is more than 0.80.On the basis of the results of the environmental cost analysis and the Soilfug model operation,the Linear Programming (LP) model is then applied to find the optimal size of planting area of main crops,allowing for the greatest economic gain,while lowering negative externalities in pesticide application.The ultimate aim is to seek an optimal path of applying pesticide rationally and effectively,to ensure harmonious development of the economy and the environment.The issues about using pesticide product (taxes and the) role of the price lever to control pesticide pollution are also discussed.