自然科学概念形成过程中外显与内隐学习的比较

A COMPARISON BETWEEN IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT LEARNING IN THE SCIENCE CONCEPT FORMING PROCESS

本研究选取真实的自然科学概念来对概念形成过程及其中的外显与内隐学习进行实验性探索 ,证明了自然科学概念形成过程中内隐学习的存在 ;阐释了概念形成过程中内隐学习的效率可与外显学习不相上下 ;揭示了真实的自然科学概念形成过程是由渐进期———高原期———突变期三个阶段构成的 ,不论外显学习还是内隐学习 ,接近真理的路径十分相似 ,并且没有显著的性别差异 ;此外还发现自然科学概念的内隐学习可以有效地用语言启动。本研究结果对心理学和自然科学教学均有理论价值与实践意义。

This experimental study proved that: 1)There was implicit learning in science concept forming; 2) The efficiency of implicit learning was close to explicit learning; 3) The process of science concept forming is made of three periods: gradual advance, plateau, and sudden change. Both implicit learning and explicit learning were similar on their way to the truth, and there is no significant sex-difference ; 4) Implicit learning of science concept could be effectively started by language. This study made its contribution to both psychology and science education.