鲁西北平原冬小麦和夏玉米耗水量的实验研究

The Experimental Research on the Water-consumpion of Winter Wheat and Summer Maize in the Northwest Plain of Shandong Province

利用中国科学院禹城综合试验站的大型称重式蒸渗仪近10年的观测资料和降水资料,分析了冬小麦和夏玉米的耗水特性、作物耗水量与同期降水量的关系、作物年耗水量与降水量之间的关系和作物生长期凝结水与同期降水量的关系。分析结果表明:1冬小麦生长期平均耗水量为450mm左右,同期降水量占作物耗水量的35%左右;2夏玉米生长期平均耗水量为350mm左右,同期降水量占作物耗水量的80%左右;3作物年耗水量平均为800mm左右,而同期降水量为500～600mm左右,需多次灌溉;4作物生长期凝结水所占同期降水量的比率相当可观,在水量平衡中占有一定的作用。上述成果可供本区区域作物耗水量计算时参照使用。

According to observation date and precipitation date measured by the Lysimeter in the Yucheng Experimental Station Chinese Academy of Sciences, water-consumption characteristics of winter wheat and summer maize, the relationship between the water-consumption of crops and precipitation in the same term, the relationship between the water-consumption of crops and precipitation, the relationship between the condensing water in farm crop period and precipitation in the same term are analyzed in this paper. The conclusion can be made as follow:①For winter wheat, the water-consumption is about 450 mm,the precipitation in the same term amount to 35 percent of the water-consumption;②For summer maize, the water-consumption is about 350 mm,the precipitation in the same term amount to 80 percent of the water-consumption;③the water-consumption of farm crops is about 800mm on the average, but in the same term precipitation is 500～600 mm,so need to be irrigated many times;④The ratio of the condensing water to precipitation in the same term is considerable, the condensing water is important in the water equilibrium. The above-mentioned achievements can be used for the calculation of regional water-consumption of crop in the area.