资源开发与史前居住方式及建筑技术进步

View the Exploitation of Resources and Settlement Pattern of Prehistory and the Development of Building Skills

史前人类的居住方式大致经历了树栖、天然穴居、季节性人工营地、定居性人工聚落等几个阶段 ,最终实现了由林地、山地到阶地平原的居住地转移。人工建筑始于壁顶一体的地面式窝棚或帐篷 ,地穴式或地面式土木乃至木结构建筑标志着壁顶业已分离 ,夯土墙、土坯墙以及窑洞式房屋显示出土木建筑技术更趋成熟。而居住方式与建筑材料技术的发展演变往往是因资源开发及生态环境变迁的影响作用而导致的 ,充分揭示出资源开发。

The living patterns of prehistoric humanity went through living on trees, in caves, on seasonal camps, on seasonal artificial camps, on settlements and finally achieved the changes from forest land to mountainous region and to terrace plain. Artificial buildings began with the ground shacks which walls and roofs were an organic whole. Plaintpot or half plaintpot buildings and wooden buildings marked that walls and roofs had separated. Loam walls, sun dried mud bricks and cave dwellings showed the building techniques grew maturer. The changes of living patterns and building material techniques were often caused by the influences of exploitation of natural resources and the transition of ecological environments. The changes revealed the internal relations of explosion of natural resources, ecological environments and buildings.