苹果幼果种子生长发育的观察

Observation on the Seed Growth Pattern in Young Apple Fruit

试验以红富士、乔纳金苹果为试材,观察其种子的生长发育动态。结果表明,盛花前胚珠生长很慢,盛花后种子生长速度加快,红富士苹果种子纵横径分别在盛花后17d、22d,生长速率达到高峰,到蓝花后40d、53d 纵横径基本停长。乔纳金苹果种子在盛花后22d 纵横径生长速率达到高峰,蓝花后54d 纵横径基本停长。红富士苹果盛花后34d 种子退化率达到高峰,退化率为25%,乔纳金苹果种子退化速度快,速率高,在盛花后34d 达到高峰,退化率为48.3%。本文对种子退化与落花落果、种子与幼果生长发育等问题进行了讨论。

In this test the seed growth tendency,with two eultivars(Fuji andJonagold)was observed in details.The results were as follows.Before the full blossom period,the ovule grew slowly,but after thatit's growth rate increased rapidly.As for Fuji cultivar,the growth rates of both longitudinal length andwide diameters reached the peak points on the 17th and 22nd day after thefull blossom period,respectively.No growth in length and width was foundon the 40th and 53rd day after full bloom.while Jonagold cultivar appeareda little different on the 22nd day after full blossom with the growth ratesof seed in length and width reaching the peaks,and almost ceasing on the54th day.Moreover,the percentage of seed abortion of the former was lower thanthat of the latter on the 34th day after the full blossom(25%,48.3%repectively).The relationships between seed abortion and fruit drop,as well as seedgrowth and the young fruit growth were also discussed in this paper.