德里达的“幽灵”——从《马克思的幽灵》看解构主义的政治

The “Specters” of Derrida——A Perspective of Deconstructive Politics through Specters of Marx

德里达在《马克思的幽灵》当中通过对“幽灵”的解读来阐述他的解构主义的政治 ,本文把“幽灵学”看作他的“文字学”的社会政治表达 ,首先分析“幽灵学”对本体论或存在问题的思考 ,进而阐述幽灵学所指示的政治意义 :对终结论或目的论的批判以及呼唤“没有弥塞亚的弥塞亚政治” ;最后说明德里达一再呼吁继承的“马克思主义的精神”到底是什么 。

In Specters of Marx, Derrida expounded his deconstructive politics by discussing a theory of spectrality. Now this article looks on “hautology” as the social-political dimension of his “grammatology”. First, it analyses the ontological thinking of hautology, and then expounds its political significance, that is, the critique of the “end of history” or teleology, and the call for “the messianic politics without messia”. Finally, this paper explains what is the spirit of Marxism which Derrida always asks us to inherit, and what is the relationship between his deconstructionism and Marxism.