花蠕形蚤若干生物生态学和形态特性研究

Studies on Some Characteristics of Bioecology and Morphology of Vermipsylla alakurt

目的 为有效防治家畜蠕形蚤病 ,对主要病原花蠕形蚤Vermipsyllaalakurt的生物、生态及形态特性进行观察研究。方法 于 2 0 0 3年 12月和 2 0 0 4年 3月在天山山地和昆仑山山地 (海拔 2 5 0 0～ 3 3 0 0m)绵羊体采集花蠕形蚤 ,带回乌鲁木齐 (海拔 90 0m )实验室 ,在T 19～ 2 2℃ ,RH 70 %～ 90 %条件下观察生活史。局部解剖口器、臀板和卵巢 ,观察形态特征。结果 每只孕蚤平均日产卵 19粒 ;卵的孵化率为 16.3 %～ 3 5 .5 %;卵期 7～ 13d ;1龄幼虫大多在 2～ 4d内死亡。成虫不能在小白鼠和乌鲁木齐市的绵羊体叮咬吸血。雌性卵巢小管数 3 4～ 5 2根。结论 在乌鲁木齐市实验条件下 ,只能完成卵的孵化而得到 1龄幼虫。想要完成全部生活史的观察 ,应在现场进行工作。该蚤的卵巢管数明显多于一般蚤 ,其繁殖力强 ,种群数量大 ,故对家畜危害极大 。

Objective In order to prevent and control the disease resulted from flea Vermipsylla alakurt, some characteristics of bioecology and morphology of this flea species as the main pathogen were observed and studied. Method V.alakurt was collected from Tianshan and Kunlun Mountains (2 500～3 300m above sea level) in December 2003 and March 2004 and brought to Urumqi (900m). The life cycle of this flea species was observed under the condition of T19～22℃, RH 70%～90% at laboratory. The mouthparts, pygidium and ovary were dissected out for the purpose of their morphology. ResultEach pregnant female oviposited 19 eggs equally a day. The hatch rate of eggs was from 16.3%～35.5% with the egg stage from 7～13d, and the most part of the first instar larvae died during 2～4d. The adults could not bite and suck the blood of white rat and sheep in Urumqi. There were 34～52 ovarian tubules in a female. ConclusionUnder the experiment conditions, only the hatch of eggs was completed and got the first instar larvae. If you want to complete the observations of all life cycle about V.alakurt, the works should be carried out in the fields of the flea living. Since the amount of ovarian tubules of V.alakurt, with thw high breeding power and big population, was obviously more than that of general fleas, its harmfuless to domestic animals was serious and the measures should be enforced for V. alakurt prevention and control.