灰霉病菌对三种杀菌剂的抗性表现型分布及稳定性测定

Resistance-phenotype and Stability of Botrytis cinerea to Three Fungicides

采用最低抑制浓度法(MIC)和菌落直径法,对采自山西晋中、晋南、晋东南和晋北4个地区的188个灰霉病菌株对3种杀菌剂的抗性表现型和稳定性进行了测定,旨在了解灰霉病菌的抗药性状况和预测其抗性发展趋势。结果表明:对多菌灵的抗性表现型可分为敏感(S)、低抗或中抗(RM)和高抗(R),对腐霉利和乙霉威可分为敏感(S)和抗性(R)。以对多菌灵、腐霉利和乙霉威的抗性为序,检测出8种不同类型的抗性表现型,即RRR、RRS、RSR、RSS、RMRS、RMSR、RMSS和SSR。各表现型的分布频率随各地区用药历史和水平的不同而变化,并与抗性监测结果相一致。对55个不同抗性表现型的单孢菌株的稳定性测定结果表明:继代无药培养10代后,以RRR和RSS型表现最稳定,而其余类型菌株均不同程度发生了变异,尤其是RMSS和RMRS型菌株100%发生了变异,抗性表现型不稳定的菌株占52.7%。对多菌灵的抗性变化趋势是由敏感向低抗、再向高抗发展;对腐霉利的抗性变化主要是由抗性转变为敏感;而对乙霉威的抗性则相对比较稳定。

With MIC and colony diameter methods, the resistance-phenotype and stability of (188 Botrytis cinerea) isolates, collected from Jinzhong, Jinnan, Jindongnan and Jinbei regions of Shanxi province, to 3 fungicides were tested for evaluating the resistance situation and predicting (the) (trend) (of) (resistance) (development.) (The) (results) (showed) (that) (resistance-phenotype) (to) (carbendazim)(Ben) could be divided into sensitive (S), low or moderate (R^M) and high resistant (R) groups, (whereas) to procymidone (Dic) and diethofencarb(NPC) could be classified into sensitive (S) and resistant (R) groups. Eight different resistance-phenotype to three fungicides, MBC, Dic and NPC, have been detected, they were RRR, RRS, RSR, RSS, R^MRS, R^MSR, R^MSS and SSR. The frequency distribution of the resistance-phenotype in different regions is varied with the (history) and level of fungicide use, and was consistent with the result of resistance monitoring. The results of stability tests of 55 isolates with different resistance-phenotype indicated that after ten generations of subculture in the absence of fungicides, RRR and RSS phenotypes exhibited most stable, but other phenotypes have been mutated to different extent. All of R^MSS and R^MRS phenotypes mutated, and unstable isolates accounted for 52.7%. The variation trend of (resistance) to Ben was from sensitive or low-level of resistance to high-level of resistance, whereas the resistance to Dic inclined to vary from resistance to sensitivity, and the resistance to NPC was relatively stable.