史密斯桉不同种源的引种试验研究

Experimental Study of Introduction of Different Provenance Eucalyptus smithii

从原产地引入史密斯桉7个种源,以蓝桉、直干桉为对照,在云南亚热带地区的5个试点上进行史密斯桉不同种源的引种试验。5年的试验结果表明:史密斯桉在各试验点上的生长表现较好。其树高、胸径和材积的生长总体超过蓝桉和直干桉;各试验点的史密斯桉全年都在生长,一般以7月生长量最大,2月生长量最小;平均出油率分别超过蓝桉、直干桉69 89%和51 78%,桉叶油的1,8-桉叶素含量分别超过直干桉和蓝桉8 87%、11 14%。每公顷桉叶油产量超过蓝桉30 66%,超过直干桉9 17%,每公顷桉叶素产量分别超过蓝桉和直干桉45 25%和18 93%。史密斯桉不同种源间的树高、胸径和材积变异幅度较小,而种源内的变异幅度较大,为种源间变异的5～6倍。种源间树高、胸径、出油率、产叶量差异都达到显著或极显著水平,树高的地点与种源间存在极显著的交互作用;树高、胸径、材积、产叶量、出油率的种源遗传力分别为0 18、0 50、0 22、0 33、0 36;产叶量与胸径、冠幅、枝重成正相关,出油率、1,8-桉叶素含量这两个性状与其他各性状相关不显著,为相对独立的性状。根据树高表型值,分别选出适宜各试验点种植的优良种源;根据不同育种目的分别进行了用材林种源选择、油用林种源选择和材油兼用林种源选择。其中油用林种源选择效果最好。

Seven provenances of Eucalyptus smithii were introduced from the original producing area to five pilot sites located in subtropical areas of Yunnan province. Eucalyptus globulus and E.maidenii were chosen as the control. Five years experiments showed that E.smithii have good growth performance on each experimental site. The growth of tree height, DBH and volume is generally higher than Eucalyptus globulus and E.maidenii,E.smithii at all experimental sites grow throughout the year, with the highest growth increment in July and lowest growth increment in February. The average oil ratio exceeds E.globulus and E.maidenii by 69.89 % and 51.78 % respectively. The content of exceeds E.globulus and E.maidenii by 11.14 % and 8.87 %. The yield of eucalyptus oil per hectare exceeds E.globulus and E.maidenii by 30.66 % and 9.17 %. The yield of cineol per hectare exceeds E.globulus and E.maidenii by 45.25 % and 18.93 %. There is slight variation between different provenances on tree height, DBH, oil ratio and leaf yield, the variation within the same provenance is obvious however, which is 5 to 6 times of that between provenances. The difference on tree height, DBH, oil ratio and leaf yield attains the level of significant or most significant. There is very significant interaction between tree height and provenance. The heritability of tree height, DBH, volume, leaf yield, oil ratio were 0.18, 0.50, 0.22, 0.33 and 0.36 respectively. There were remarkably positive correlations between leaf yield and DBH, leaf yield and crown width, leaf yield and branch weight. There were no significant correlation between oil ratio, cineol and other characters. According to the phenotypic value of tree height, the quality provenances for different experimental sites were selected out. The provenances were selected in accordance with different objectives such as timber forest, oil producing forest and forest with two management objectives of both oil and timber production. Among which, the selection of oil production forest had the best selective effect, the gain of oil yield attained 38.95 %, the cineol yield of unit area of quality E.smithii provenance surpassed that of Eglobulus and E.maidenii by 102.44 % and 65.76 % respectively.