中国城乡二元经济结构的实证考察

Empirical Research on the Dual Structure in Chinese Urban and Rural Economy

中国城乡二元经济结构的形成可追溯到一百多年以前。中国传统上一直是个农业国家,十九世纪四、五十年代的“洋务运动”局部引进西方现代大工业,经济二元性特征开始显现雏形。到1949年,国内工业总产值占到工农业总产值的30%,其中重工业比重为7.9%。而当时工业主要集中于城市,在广大的乡村封闭落后的传统经济仍占主导地位,由此初步形成了城乡二元经济结构的格局。新中国成立后,由于特殊的历史、体制原因,中国城乡二元经济结构又经历了一个动态演化过程,本文通过构造一系列指标对此做一详细考察。

The formation of dual structure in Chinese urban and rural economy can be traced back to more than 100 years ago. Traditionally China was an agricultural country, and in 1840s and 1850s the Westernization Movement partially introduced modern western industry into China. From then on, the economy began to show the dual character in an embryonic form. By 1949, the gross domestic value of industrial output accounted for 30% of the gross output value of industry and agriculture, with heavy industry a share of 7.9%. During that period, the distribution of industry was mainly located in the urban area while the closed and backward traditional economy still played a leading role in the vast rural area. Thus the pattern of dual structure in urban and rural economy came into being. After new China was founded, the dual structure in Chinese urban and rural economy experienced a dynamic evolvement progress for special historical and system reasons. This paper explores the progress in details by creating a series of index.