对运输业属性认识的理论综述

Theoretical Introduction of Attribute Characters of Transportation Industry

人们对运输业属性的认识基本上是围绕运输业的经济属性(含物质属性、产业属性与市场属性)与社会属性来展开的。在20世纪中叶前,提出了运输业的物质生产部门(物质属性)、第三产业(产业属性)和基础设施(社会属性)等基本属性;自20世纪初开始,人们提出并论证了运输业的市场属性———自然垄断性,并在20世纪中后期深化了对运输业物质属性和社会属性的认识,提出了运输业的俱乐部物品特性与外部性观念;20世纪80年代后,人们对运输业产业属性和市场属性的认识进一步深化,提出了运输业的网络经济性与可竞争性理论。

The transportation industry was known to possess the fundamental attributes of the material production industry(material attribute), the third industry cindustry attribute and the infrastructure industry (social attribute) before the fifties of the 20th century. With the emergence and development of the Public Economics from the beginning of the 20th century, along attribute characters of public products and external concepts came to be expounded and proved. Since the eighties of the 20^(th) century, new characters based on the network industry have been brought forward, namely, the integrality of transportation products, the network economy characters of the transportation industry —— dimensionality and density, and the monopoly and competitive characters of the transportation industry.