我国侵权法因果关系理论评析

A Review on Causation Theories in Chinese Tort Law

侵权法中的因果关系是客观存在的 ,然而 ,对因果关系的判断和认定却是一个主观的过程 ,需要正确的理论作指导。由于受制于人类的认知能力和知识水平 ,依赖于整个人类的实践活动和经验积累 ,所以在未能完全掌握因果联系的规律性的前提下 ,判断和认定侵权法中的因果关系就不可避免地发生偏差。研究侵权法中因果关系的根本目的就在于建立科学的理论以指导司法实践 ,减少因果关系认定时的主观随意性和客观上的偏差 ,以准确确定责任 ,公平分担损失 ,合理分配风险 。

Objectively as causation in torts exists, to analyze and determine the required causal connection is a subjective process, which calls for the guidance of scientific theories. A well understanding of causal relationship depends on practice and experience accumulation of all humanity. Due to the constraints of human cognition and knowledge, deviation in judging and confirming causation in tort law is unavoidable at the premise of not mastering causality (that is positive causation) thoroughly .The cardinal purpose of causation research in tort law is to set up scientific theories to guide judicial practice, and decrease discretion as well as deviation in causation determination so that we can define legal liability precisely, burden loss fairly, distribute risk reasonably, and achieve the ultimate goal of tort law to maintain social justice.