T型小麦杂种优势在盐碱地表现分析 Ⅰ盐碱地T型小麦子粒产量和品质性状杂种优势的表现及形成的形态分析

Analysis of Expression of Heterosis on Hybrid Wheat With T. timopteevi Cytoplasm on Saline-alkaline Soil Ⅰ. The Expressons of Heterosis and their Morphological Analysis for Grain Yield and Quality Characters on Hybrid Wheat

连续2年用不完全双列杂交配制的T型杂交小麦及相应的亲本,比较了盐碱地和正常地条件下子粒产量和品质性状的杂交优势,进而对不同土壤环境中杂种优势表现差异的原因进行了形态分析。结果表明,盐碱地单株粒重的杂种优势明显高于正常地,子粒品质性状的杂种优势低于单株粒重,但杂种优势的表现为盐碱地比正常地略好。植株营养体性状普遍存在较强的杂种优势,且杂种优势在正常土壤环境中高于盐碱地,收获指数的杂种优势在盐碱地表现为正值,在正常土壤条件下却为负值,表明盐碱地杂种后期更能有效地将有机物转移到子粒中去,营养生长和生殖生长的关系更为协调。在盐碱地,植株主要营养体性状与单株粒重存在显著或极显著的正相关,杂种发达的营养体对子粒产量起很大的作用,而在正常土壤条件下营养体与子粒产量不存在这种关系。

Using the data of F's obtaied from a 6×4 incomplete diallel and their respective parents, the heterosis for grain yield and quality characters on saline alkaline soil were compared with those on normal soil and the morphological basis of the expressoas of heterosis under different soil conditions were studied, The results indicated that under saline alkaline soil condition, the heterosis of grain yield/plant and quality characters were higher; the vegetative traicts, such as biological yield/plant and plant height had positive correlation with grain yield/flant; the vegetative traiets had lower heterosis, while harvest index had higher heterosis; the plant vigour had greater contribution to grain yield.