小麦子粒蛋白质及其组分含量的遗传分析——Ⅰ 杂种优势和配合力分析

Genetic Analysis on the Content of Grain Protein and Protein Components in Wheat——Ⅰ Heterosis and Combining Ability

以6个小麦品种(品系)为亲本,按Grfffmg方法2组配一套完全双列杂交组合,研究小麦子粒蛋白质含量和蛋白质组分含量的配合力和杂种优势。结果表明:(1)醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白绝对含量、醇溶蛋白和球蛋白相对含量4个性状的遗传主要受加性基因的控制,子粒蛋白质含量的遗传受加性和非加性基因共同控制,但以加性基因效应为主。(2)同一性状不同亲本的一般配合力效应差异很大,亲本郑州831的子粒蛋白含量、麦谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白绝对含量的GCA效应较高,可作为优质亲本使用。不同组合间的SCA效应与超亲优势呈正相关关系。醇溶蛋白相对含量和球蛋白绝对含量的超亲优势为正向优势,而其它性状均表现为负向超亲优势。本文还对参试亲本的利用价值进行了讨论。

A set of diallel crosses involving 6 wheat parents, according to the random model of Griffing Method 2, was made to study the combining ability and heterosis of grain protein content and protein components in wheat. The results indicated that the inheritance of glutenin and gliadin content per 100 gram grain,and glutenin and globulin content per 100 gram protein were mainly controlled by additive genes. Additive and dominant genes functioned simultaneously on grain pro- tein content, but more additive gene effect was detected. GCA effects of different parents for the same trait studied varied significantly. The parent of Zhengzhou 831 had higher GCA values in traits of grain protein content, gliadin and glutenin content per 100 gram grain comparing with other traits, and it could be used as best parent for breeding high quality wheat variety. The SCA effects of different crosses were positively correlated with super parent heterosis. The positive super parent heterosis was fund for the traits of glutenin content per 100 gram protein and globulin content per 100 gram grain, but negative super parent heterosis for other traits. The utilization value of the parents studied was also discussed in this paper.