小麦子粒蛋白质及其组分含量的遗传分析——Ⅱ 遗传模型和性状相关

Genetic Analysis on the Contents of Grain Protein and Protein Components in Wheat Ⅱ Genetic Model and Correlation

以6个小麦亲本及其双列杂交组合为试验材料,研究了小麦子粒蛋白质及其组分含量的遗传模型,分析了各性状间的相关关系。结果表明,子粒蛋白质含量、醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白绝对含量、醇溶蛋白和球蛋白相对含量的遗传符合加性—显性模型;清蛋白相对含量的遗传符合加性模型;醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白绝对含量、球蛋白相对含量为部分显性到完全显性。子粒蛋白质含量表现为部分显性,醇溶蛋白相对含量表现为完全显性到超显性;醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白绝对含量、球蛋白相对含量的遗传表现出高值为隐性、低值为显性的趋势。子粒蛋白质含量、醇溶蛋白相对含量表现出高值为显性,低值为隐性的趋势;相关分析的结果表明,两组蛋白质组分间(清蛋白、球蛋白归为一组;醇溶蛋白、麦谷蛋白归为另一组)存在着相互拮抗作用,而各组内的两性状间存在着相互促进作用。此外,本文还对各亲本中控制各性状遗传的显隐性基因的比例进行了分析。

Six wheat parents and their diallel crosses were used in this experiment. The genetic model of grain protein content and protein components in wheat were studied and the correlations among the traits involved were analysized. Results indicated that the inheritance of the traits of grain protein content, glutenin and gliadin content per 100 gram grain, glutenin and globulin content per 100 gram protein fitted the model of additive-dominance. Genetic model for albumin content per 100 gram protein was found to be additive; Genes governing the traits of glutenin and gliadin content per 100 gram protein performed partial and/or complete dominance. The dominance to overdominance gene action was found for glutenin content per 100 gram grain. The high values of glutenin and gliadin content per 100 gram grain, globulin content per 100 gram protein were controlled by recessive allels and the low value by dominant allels. However, contrary results were found for grain protein content and glutenin content per 100 gram protein. Results from correlation analysis indicated that the interferential effect was existed between two groups of protein components, in which the albumin and globulin was classified as one group and the gliadin and glutenin as another, but the positive correlations were found between two components within group. Also, the ratio of dominance and recessive genes controlling the traits studied for each parent has been discussed in this paper.