依法治国司法改革核心的法官独立问题“李慧娟(法官)事件”的深度反思

Independence of Judges in Judicial Reform——Reflections on the Event of Li Huijuan (a Judge)

李慧娟,名不见经传的洛阳市法官,依国家《种子法》正确判案,却被所在“省人大”认定“严重违法”。此为2003年震动中国司法改革核心法官独立问题的“李慧娟事件”。中国法律界不得不为此作出尖锐而焦虑的深度反思:法官独立具有现代社会发展内蕴的客观必然性,是司法公正、司法权多样性质、法官承担责任、国家承担WTO国际义务的共同要求。法官独立的现实外部障碍主要来自地方党委、权力机关和行政机关的“法外”干涉;现实内部障碍来自于上下级法院指导关系的行政化;已明显落伍于时代潮流的审判委员会制度;法官选、用、考、奖、惩、晋等制度的行政管理模式。改革的重点也必然落在法官准入、罢免惩戒程序、行政管理模式消除等,重大相关层面。

Li Huijuan,an ordinary judge of Luoyang City,because of correct decision of a case,was regarded as “breaking the law on a serious scale”by the provincial People's Congress.This was the event of Li Huijuan that shocked China's legal circles.The event has mirrored the problems in our country's judges independence.To ensure the independence of judges,we should be aware of its objective necessity.In this regard,the focal points of reform should be:(1)to set strict demands for the access of judges;(2)to standardize the procedure of dismission and punishment;(3)to uproot the administrative model inside the court.Only thus,can we get rid of the impediments to the independence of judges,and truly guarantee the independence of judges.