珍珠港事件后国民政府的政治调整

Adjustment in Politics of the National Government after the Pearl Harbor Incident

太平洋战争的爆发,使中国持续数年之久的对日孤军作战局面宣告结束。国民政府立即作出反应,制定了与英美等国联手打败日本的外交战略;同时,为了增强抗战力量,国民政府在政治上也进行了一系列调整,如加强全国总动员,加紧推行地方自治,调整政治机构及国共关系。这些调整有其必要性,对争取抗战的最后胜利起到了一定作用。但同时也使国民党、蒋介石的权力更进一步集中,限制了各种社会力量及国民党党内中下层甚至部分上层积极作用的发挥,使国民党日渐僵化和缺乏活力,从而埋下了国民党在大陆失败的某些隐患。

The outbreak of the Pacific War ended the situation that China fought against Japan alone for several years. The National Government responded to it immediately by adopting foreign strategies to ally with Britain and the United States for defeating Japan, meanwhile, it made a series of adjustments in politics: reinforcing national mobilization, speeding up the local autonomy, adjusting political organization and relations between the KMT and the CCP, for instance, for strengthening the power against the Japanese aggressors. On the one hand, these adjustments were necessary and helpful for the triumph of the anti-Japanese war. On the other hand, they intensified the power of the KMT and Chiang Kai-shek, limited the positive action of diversified social forces and the activeness of the middle and lower level, even that of the top level in the KMT. Consequently, the KMT got more and more rigid and thus lost its vitality, which imbedded the seed of its total failure in the mainland.