中国文化自然遗产管理评价的指标体系初探

THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE CRITERIA AND INDICATORS FOR THE MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL IN CHINESE NATURE & CULTURE HERITAGE SITES

文化和自然遗产管理的研究引起学术界重视。目前文献集中于研究转型期遗产管理的组织结构的调整 ,但缺少在管理机制的设计和操作层面上开展研究。本文试图从遗产管理绩效评估入手开始对遗产管理激励机制的探索。初步构建了以遗产保护为基本目标和以社区发展、游客管理和经营开发为贡献目标的遗产管理评价指标体系 。

Contemporary research literatures in the field of management of Chinese Nature & Heritage Sites are argued in mechanism perspectives that traditionally focus on the institutional structure of management and less concern about the operative site management system. Mechanism perspective study basically concerns the dynamic conjunction of the management system components that combines incentive system, inhibit system, communication system, decision- making system and internal operation system. The paper is divided into five parts. First part is the background of this study, introducing the contemporary management situation in China and reviewing the relative research literatures. The author suggests the necessary of research in the management performance appraisal which might be employed to achieve nature and culture heritage resources protection in the context of the operative management system; In the second part, the paper defines several conceptions including incentive system, incentive system in the management of heritage sites and the performance appraisal; The necessary and the significant of performance appraisal are discussed in the third part, and the warps of ongoing site management are identified as well. Forth part is the key part including the principles of investigating the appraisal criteria and indicators are suggested in the paper. The main outcome of this study is the identification of 22 criteria and 49 indicators of Management Performance Appraisal in Chinese Nature & Heritage Sites, they all serve four goals including “conservation” as the basic and prior goal, and “Management & Operation”, “Visitor management” and “Community Development” as constructive goals. The limitations of this paper and the need for further research into the performance appraisal of the site management in the field of Chinese Nature & Heritage Sites are considered in the fifth part, for an example, how to select the beforehand indicators emphasizing the prevention for the damage of heritage resource, how to improve the indicators measurably, how to collect and analysis the data, how to set the weight of the indicators and how many incentive means, etc.