不同柑桔品种上桔全爪螨的生长和种群动态差异

Performances of the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acarina: Tetranychidae) on various citrus varieties

通过田间调查、室内盆栽苗接螨、离体叶片饲养等方法 ,考察了 14个柑桔品种上桔全爪螨种群动态 ,组建了其实验种群生命表 ,结果表明 :该螨在各柑桔品种上的种群密度有明显差异 ,平均密度以北碚 4 4 7、台湾晚白柚和垫江白柚上较高 ,柑新生系最低。雌成螨寿命在台湾晚白柚上最长 ,垫江白柚次之 ,柑新生系最短 ;产卵量以取食台湾晚白柚时最多 ,垫江白柚、五步红心柚次之 ,以柑新生系最少 ;在垫江白柚上的内禀增长率 (rm)最大 ,沙田柚、台湾晚白柚次之 ,金弹最小。根据桔全爪螨实验种群的参数判断 ,金弹和柑新生系属抗螨品种 ,台湾晚白柚、垫江白柚和北碚 4 4 7是感螨品种。从品种归类上来看 ,柚类品种和甜橙中的北碚 4 4 7感螨程度较高 ,金柑属的金弹和宽皮柑桔类的柑新生系感螨程度较低。甜橙类与宽皮柑桔类比较 ,前者感螨程度较高 ,后者相对较低 ,但宽皮柑桔类的早津感螨程度相对较高。

The development and population dynamics of the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor) on 14 citrus varieties were studied by methods of filed test, laboratory experiment, life-tables and reproduction ability. The results indicated that there were significant differences in population density of the mite on different citrus varieties, with that on Beibei 447 sweet orange, Taiwan bampeiyu pummelo and Diangjiang white-flesh pummelo higher, and that on Ponkan NL the lowest. There were also notable discrepancies in the developmental duration, female adult longevity, egg production and other examined parameters of the mite on different varieties in the laboratory: the female adult longevity was the longest on Taiwan bampeiyu pummelo, second longest on Diangjiang white-flesh pummelo, the shortest on Ponkan NL; the egg production was the highest on Taiwan bampeiyu pummelo, second highest on Diangjiang white-flesh pummelo and Wubu red flesh pummelo, the lowest on Ponkan NL; and the innate capacity of increase (r_m) was the biggest on Diangjiang white-flesh pummelo, second biggest on Shatian pummelo and Taiwan bampeiyu pummelo, the smallest on Jin Dan. Judged with the life parameters of the experimental populations of the mite, Jin Dan and Ponkan NL were citrus varieties resistant to the mite, while Taiwan bampeiyu pummelo, Diangjiang white-flesh pummelo and Beibei 447 sweet orange were susceptible to the mite. Considered in larger groups, pummelo varieties and Beibei 447 as sweet orange varieties were more susceptible to the mite; Jin Dan as Fortunella varieties and Ponkan NL as mandarin varieties were less susceptible to the mite; other varieties were moderate in resistance. Between sweet orange varieties and mandarin varieties, the former showed high susceptibility to the mite, while the latter except Zaojin Wase showed low susceptibility.