中国能源领域温室气体排放现状及减排对策研究

Emission of Greenhouse Gases from Energy Field and Mitigation Countermeasures in China

自工业革命以来,随着化石燃料的广泛应用,能源领域的温室气体排放逐渐成为其主要的人为排放源,能源、环境和经济发展之间的矛盾也日益成为各国政府共同关注的焦点。如何有效地进行能源活动中温室气体的减排已经成为涉及环境、经济、政治、外交等多方面的全球性科学问题。文章对中国能源开发利用现状和主要温室气体二氧化碳(CO2)、甲烷(CH4)、氧化亚氮(N2O)能源排放源进行了简要分析,并对适合中国国情的温室气体减排与能源可持续开发与利用"双赢",实现"发展型减排"的有效途径进行了初步的探讨。

Since the industrial revolution, the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in energy field gradually becomes one of the major anthropogenic sources with the wide utilization of fossil fuel. The contradiction among energy, environment and the economic development also becomes the focus that the governments of all countries pay much more attention to in recent years. How to reduce the GHGs emission in energy field effectively has become the worldwide scientific problem in terms of environment, economy, politics, diplomacy and the like. In this paper, the situation of development and utilization of energy and the main sources of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide in energy field in China are reviewed and discussed. At last, some effective approaches with twin wins in greenhouse gases mitigation and sustainable exploitation and utilization of energy are proposed.Generally speaking, the way to mitigate the emissions of GHGs in energy field can be summarized as the following three kinds of measures. The first is the technology means, namely, quickening the exploitation of energy-saving technology, enhancing the utilization technology of renewable energy and clean energy, whatever, strengthening the cooperation with the developed countries in the field of the relative technology researches is also very important. The second means is the economical and financial means that refers to provide a series of the preferential policy including offer preferential tax revenue, public subsidy and low-interest loan and other preferences to the relevant enterprises. Thirdly, it is the administrative means, including strengthen and improve the macro-control mechanism and promote the construction of rules and laws on the exploitation and utilization of energy and environmental protection, establishing reasonable strategy of energy consumption and industrial development and increasing the fund input of science and technology in energy field and so on, at the same time, laying stress on the propaganda of energy-saving and environment protection is also very necessary.