春秋世卿公族与诗礼名家——春秋十家诗学评说

The Duke and Senior Official and The Famous Cultured Family——A Review of Ten Experts of The Book of Songs in the Spring and Autumn Period

春秋"赋诗引诗",是中国史上一种特殊的文化现象。表面上公卿赋诗,千人一腔,实则各有特色。本文从春秋众多的赋诗、引《诗》者中,选出最为突出的十家,名之曰"春秋十家诗学",并对十家各自的特点一一予以评说。十家诗学从不同的角度体现了这个时代"诗无定指"的诗学观念,与寻找主观情志和客观存在之间意义联系的基本思维方式,他们对诗意不汲汲于义例训诂,而是以神遇而不以言求。这种解读方式直接影响到了孟子"以意逆志"、"知人论世"的诗学研究方法的形成。

The intonation of poems and quoting poems in the Spring and Autumn period were a special culture phenomenon of Chinese history. This phenomenon was superficially the same pattern, actually each one had its feature.Ten outstanding ones were selected from many experts of The Book of Songs in this text and named them ten experts of The Book of Songs in the Spring and Autumn period. The text commented on each of their characteristic. From the different direction, the ten poetics embodied the poetics idea of their ages that a poem has not a certain meaning. and the basic mode of thinking that search for the relation between subjective feelings and will and objective reality .In their poetics, they were not anxious for the explanations of every word and sentence, but grasped the poetry by the mind rather than expressed. This comprehensive way directly affected the formation of Mencius's poetics.