虚拟土战略与土地资源可持续利用的社会化管理

Virtual Land Strategy and Socialization of Management of Sustainable Utilization of Land Resources

土地资源紧缺是威胁世界食物安全的主要限制因素之一,土地资源可持续利用是区域生态经济系统经济增长和社会发展的关键.类似于国内已经开展的虚拟水和虚拟水战略概念及相关研究,首次提出"虚拟土"和"虚拟土战略"新概念,分析了土地资源管理不同管理阶段及其相关问题.结合当前国家耕地总量平衡、区域粮食安全问题以及土地资源利用中出现的一些新情况,从土地资源的社会属性出发,实证分析了土地生产能力与社会适应性能力的关系,提出了基于虚拟土概念及虚拟土战略下区域土地资源可持续利用的分析框架.最后提出了当前我国土地利用中解决区域粮食安全的一些新思路.建议:在保证国家粮食基本自足基础上,实行区域耕地总量弹性平衡政策;成立专业性土地银行,加快创新土地使用权流转机制;强化土地使用权拍卖机制,提高市场配置土地资源的透明度;实施虚拟土战略举措,构建新的土地可持续发展模式,加强开展虚拟土战略相关理论及其对策的研究工作.

The scarceness of land resources is one of the main threats to the world food safety, and sustainable utilization of land resources is vital to economic growth and social development of regional ecological economical system. In China, concepts of virtual water and virtual water strategy have now been brought forward and related studies have been carried out. This paper put forward the new concepts of virtual land and virtual land strategy, and analyzed four different stages of land resource management supply management, efficiency management, inner-structure optimization and socialization of management. Concerning the balance of the country s current total farmland, regional food safety problem and some new problems should be considered during land resource utilization. This paper also analyzed the relationship between land production ability and its social adaptability based on the sociality of land resources, and worked out the analysis framework of regional land resource sustainable utilization based on virtual land concept. At last, this paper proposed several new thoughts in land resource utilization, such as to implement a flexible total farmland balance policy on the premise of nation s food self-sufficiency; to establish professional land banks, to strengthen the auction mechanism of land usufruct, to carry out virtual land strategy and establish a new mode of land resource sustainable utilization, to promote the research on the theory and countermeasure of virtual land strategy, and so on.