我国干旱区生态需水若干问题评述

Some Issues of Ecological Water Demand in the Arid Regions of China

生态需水是当前水问题研究中的一个热点问题,对于生态环境急剧恶化的我国内陆干旱区,这一研究尤为紧迫.目前生态需水尚无明确统一的定义,研究方法也因人而异.归纳了已有的生态需水的相关概念和干旱区生态需水研究的主要成果、研究方法等.从概念主体角度,区分了生态需水、环境需水、生态环境需水之间的关系,并对关键的概念、理论和方法进行了深入分析,最后展望了未来干旱区生态需水的研究趋势.

The issue of ecological water demand is one of the hot topics in the world, especially in the arid areas, under the eco-environmental condition deteriorated sharply. Currently, the definition of ecological water demand is various and vague, and the studied ways and methods to many researchers in this field are different from each other. The obtained various concepts and main methods of ecological water demand are summed up in this paper, respectively. Some studying results for arid regions are also analyzed. From the principal part of concepts, the relationships between the ecological water demands, environmental water demand and eco-environmental water demand are differentiated. At the same time, some reviews are made on the key conceptions, theories and ways and methods in the paper. Lastly, the study trends of ecological water requirement in the arid regions are prospected.