慈溪大粒1号蚕豆大棚标准化生产技术研究

Studies on the Standardization Production Techniques for the Horsebean Cixi Dali No.1 in Film House

菜用蚕豆既是城乡居民的佳肴,又是出口创汇的主要种类.由于受季节影响,鲜蚕豆供应期主要集中在5月份.根据多年的试验和实践,总结了一套菜用蚕豆慈溪大粒1号品种大棚促成栽培标准化生产技术.采用大棚促成栽培,鲜豆上市可提早20～30d;鲜豆产量达到22,500kg/hm2.,比露地栽培提高40%;病虫害减轻,商品性更好,一般大棚促成栽培经济效益比露地栽培可提高8倍左右.大棚促成栽培,宜选用健壮无病大粒蚕豆播种,播种期可适当提早,一般比露地栽培蚕豆可提早10～20d播种,以促进主茎多分枝,适宜密度为37,500株/hm2;当50%植株形成第一鹰爪荚,且植株复叶出现第7小叶后,择晴天中午打顶.要提早进行蚜虫的防治,加强肥水管理.在蚕豆开花结荚期放蜂授粉,可提高蚕豆的结实率.

Horsebean as vegetable was not only residents' favorites of town and country, but also one of the important categories for the foreign exchange earning. Providing period of fresh horsebean was mainly in June because of production season. A standardization of promoting cultivation techniques on the horsebean as vegetable Cixi Dali No.1 in film house was summarized according to the results of year's experiments and practices. Fresh bean pod was sent into the market 20~30 days ahead by promoting cultivation in film house compared with that in field. And in film house, we gained yield of 22,500kg/hm2, which increased 40% than that in the field while with less plant diseases, insect pests, and better commodity. In general, its economic benefit in film house increased 8 times than that in the field. It should be chosen haleness and no disease big-grained seeds and sowed. Sowing date may be predated 10~20 days in film house than in field so as to promote more branches on main stem. Feasible densities were 37,500 plants per hm2. Topping time should be chosen in the sunny noon when 50% plants emergence firstly claw-like bean pods and the seventh small leaf of plant compound leaves was formed. Aphid was prevented and cured as early as possible. Fertilizer and water management should be strengthened. A promoted pollination and increased bean pod rate in the seed-bearing stage of plants can be achieved if bees are sent into the film house.