黄河流域水污染趋势分析

Analysis on Tendency of Water Pollution of the Yellow River

为了解黄河流域水污染变化趋势,选取代表年份,对近20年来黄河干流水质状况、流域废污水排放量、主要污染物排放量等进行了对比分析。结果表明:黄河干流水质呈明显恶化趋势;废污水排放量呈增长趋势,但进入20世纪90年代以后增长趋势有所减缓;生活污水所占比例已从80年代初的20%增加到2000年的近30%;主要污染物CODCr的排放量从80年代初的45万t增加至2000年的150万t,增加2倍多,已远远超过黄河水环境的承载能力。20年来流域废污水大多为超标排放,说明流域废污水处理能力和水平普遍较低。

In order to understand the water pollution tendency of the Yellow River basin and select typical years, the paper makes contrast analysis on water quality regime of the main river, wastewater discharge of the basin and main pollutants discharge in the last 20 years. The results show that the water quality of the main river is in a tendency of obviously worsening, wastewater discharge is increasing and the speed slows down since 1990’s, the proportion of domestic sewage increases from 20% in the beginning of 1980’s to 30% in 2000 and the discharge of main pollutant COD_(Cr) increases from 0.45 million ton in the beginning of 1980’s to 1.5 million ton in 2000, increasing more than 2 times which far exceeds the carrying capacity of the water environment of the Yellow River. The majority of wastewater in the basin is discharged while exceeding the standard for 20 years, which shows that the capability and level of sewage treatment of the basin are generally lower.