国内坡面土壤侵蚀预报模型述评

Review on Hillslope Erosion Prediction Models in China

坡面侵蚀预报模型的研究可加深对土壤侵蚀过程及其机理的认识,为坡面水土保持措施配置提供科学支持。我国坡面侵蚀预报模型研究大体可分为三个阶段:(1)利用主要水蚀区径流小区观测资料,基于美国通用土壤流失方程USLE(UniversalSoilLossEquation)建立坡面侵蚀预报统计模型研究;(2)结合黄土高原侵蚀特点,考虑陡坡地浅沟侵蚀,建立坡面侵蚀预报经验模型研究;(3)基于物理成因的坡面侵蚀预报模型研究。根据我国坡面侵蚀产沙的特殊性及地形的复杂性,提出建立我国坡面侵蚀预报模型应加强的研究领域,即浅沟侵蚀过程及机理、坡面薄层水流、细沟水流以及浅沟水流的水流剥离方程、坡面水沙汇集传递关系和陡坡地侵蚀过程模拟等研究。

By the research of hillslope erosion prediction model,the knowledge about the process and the mechanism of soil erosion were strengthened,and the arrangement of soil and water conservation practice on hillslope were supported.The quantificational evaluation and the research of prediction model about hillslope erosion were divided into three stages in China:(1) Hillslope erosion statistical model based on USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation);(2) Steep hillslope soil erosion prediction model;(3) Physically based hillslope erosion prediction model.Finally,considering special erosion sediment and the complex terrain in our country,some intensified aspects on the establishment of hillslope erosion prediction model were advanced,which were the research on the process and the mechanism of ephemeral gully erosion,the equation of interrill flow,rill flow,ephemeral gully flow,modeling of steep hillslope.