演讲·劝说·诉诸·语篇

Aristotelian Rhetoric and Discourse Analysis

本文以英语语篇修辞理论为指导，分析英语演讲辞中的理性诉诸、情感诉诸、人品诉诸等手段的修辞作用。本文认为，从语篇角度来看，演讲辞中词语、句子层面上的修辞现象以及存于篇章层次上的修辞现象都与劝说有关，这些修辞现象为实现上述三种诉诸共同起作用，根据演讲者不同的动机，而各有侧重。而三诉诸的最终目的是加强劝说的效果，以理、情、信服人。从演讲辞作者联系到其他语体的语篇分析，认为对劝说的目的、对象、诉诸手段的分析同样适合其他语体，并提出；从篇章层面分析诉诸的手段有助干语篇整体理解和教学，使我们能跳出词句的框框，从整体去把握语篇。

This paper attempts to explore the rhetorical effect of the logos, the pathos, and the ethos in English speeches in the light of the theory of rhetoric analysis on the discourse level. This paper holds that from the viewpoint of discourse analysis various rhetoric phenomena on the level of words and sentences and discourse are invariably related to persuasion in oratory speeches. These rhetoric phenomena serve to enhance appeals to the audience, and depending on the purpose of the speaker, emphasis is placed on a particular appeal. The appeals in turn serve to increase the persuasive power of the speech by means of reasoning, emotion and credibility. From speech this writer moves on to the analysis of other varieties of texts and believes that the same approach is also applicable. On the basis of some sample analysis the writer draws a tentative conclusion that rhetoric analysis on the discourse level is an effective way to help us to go beyond the level of word and sentences to understand the text from an overall perspective.