出土秦律书写形态之异同

The Similarities and Differences of Writing Forms in the Unearthed Slips the Decrees of the State of Qin

文章通过比较睡虎地“秦律十八种”中的“效律”、“为都官及县效律”及王家台秦简“效律”的竹简书写形态,认为只有“为都官及县效律”名义下集成的“效律”条文之区分是正确的,王家台“效律”为了明确区分法律条文而使用了特有的符号,睡虎地的“秦律十八种·效律”则无视条文的区分,后面的条文紧接着前面的条文书写。“秦律十八种”中常见的“●”符号,并不是表示前后条文之区分的符号。“●”符以下的内容是对律文所作的补充,或作为职务手册以备忘的形式附加到了“秦律十八种”上,“秦律十八种”所见“●”符的作用在于提示补充的部分。由此可见,睡虎地秦简“秦律十八种”竹简上并列存在着书写目的不同的二种文书。

By comparing the writing forms in the bamboo slips of the Checking Decrees, the Checking Decrees for Officials in Capital and Counties in the 18 Decrees of the State of Qin unearthed in Shuihudi as well as the Checking Decrees unearthed in Wangjiatai, the paper believes the corrective divisions of clauses only consist in those arranged ones the Checking Decrees in name of the Checking Decrees for Officials in Capital and Counties. The Checking Decrees unearthed in Wangjiatai used special symbol to divide the clauses, while the ones in the 18 Decrees of the State of Qin unearthed in Shuihudi disregarded the divisions, copying the clause one after another. The familiar symbol ● in the 18 Decrees of the State of Qin is not the one for dividing but prompting, for the content below the ● is a supplement to the clause, or an appendix as a memorandum. This shows, in the 18 Decrees of the State of Qin unearthed in Shuihudi, there are two kinds of writs while the writing aims of them are not the same.