“市场准入”、“市场准出”与贸易权利

Market Access, Market Exit and Trade Right

市场准入是通过条约所协商产生的义务,而不是依据一般国际法所产生的义务。市场准出措施虽然与市场准入措施同样重要,但由于两者在实施限制的目的和实施限制的受体方面存在着明显的差别,所以,从法学角度对市场准出的限制做出评价更为困难。基于国家主权,一国政府当然有权对私人的财产权利,包括对外进行经济交往的权利加以限制。如何完善市场准入和市场准出方面的规定,以及如何协调进出口限制与其他利益的关系,仍旧是摆在WTO各成员方政府面前的一个重要问题。

The duty on market access is created by international agreement, not by general international law. Though measures on market exit are equally important as those on market access, there are significant differences between those two kinds of measures, which increase the difficult to evaluate market exit measures in a legal approach. Supported by state sovereignty, a government is qualified to restrain international business transactions. It is still a thorny issue facing WTO members how to improve the regulations on both market access and market exit, and how to balance the interests relating import and export controls.