中国近代人学观转向的析评

Comments on the Change of the Concept of Human Nature in Modern China

中国传统儒家将人视为封建伦理大网上的纽结,近代思想家们将这一人学观进行了革新。康有为凸显个人的价值和尊严;谭嗣同对封建制度和纲常伦理进行了无情的批判;严复对人的"能群"格外重视;梁启超的"新民说"的提出标志着中国近代启蒙思潮达到了顶峰;孙中山最终提出了"国民"的概念,完成了近代人学观的转向。

Traditional Confucianists tended to concern less for the individuality of human beings; an individual was, in their opinion, a mere knot in the social net. Thinkers in modem China, however, have renovated the concept of human nature. Kang You-wei highlighted the value and dignity of individuals while Tan Si-tong lashed ruthlessly at the feudal system and its ethic codes, and Yan Fu upheld 'the ability to get well along with others'. With the advancement of Liang Qi-chao's the of new democracy' signifying the climatic attainment in the enlightenment trend of thought in contemporary China, Sun Zhong-shan's concept of 'citizens' symbolized the completion of the change in the concept of human nature in modern times.