“空间不匹配”假设与城市弱势群体就业问题:美国相关研究及其对中国的启示

Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis and Employment of the Disadvantaged Social Group: Research Evolution in the U.S. and Implications for China

通过系统研究美国学者60年代以来关于“空间不匹配”的假设与部分大城市弱势群体(如低收入居民、少数民族和妇女)就业问题,逐一梳理了美国学者如何看待大城市弱势群体就业障碍问题以及他们所主要采用的研究方法和模型的演进过程。在此基础上,结合国内的实际情况,给国内学术界对城市弱势群体就业和再就业的研究提出4点借鉴和启示。

On the basis of systematic study ofspatial mismatch and its effect on the employ-ment of the disadvantaged (e.g. the low-income,women, and the minority) researches in theUnited States since 1960s, the author classifiesthe various views held by the United Statessresearchers, and introduces and analyzes themajor methodologies and models used by theseresearchers. From here, taking into account ofthe conditions in China, the author develops fourimplications for Chinese researchers who areinterested in the issue of employment of the ur-ban jobless and the laid-off.