儿科轮状病毒致医院感染的影响因素分析与对策

Study on the Influencial Factors of Rotaviral Infection in Children's Hospital and it's Nursing Measures

目的 分析儿科医院内轮状病毒导致医院感染的病原特点及相关因素;探讨预防和控制轮状病毒医院感染的护理措施。方法 采用回顾性调查和病史查询的方法收集我院2000年1月-2002年12月医院感染的资料,并加以分析。结果 2000年1月-2002年12月出院病例中,发生轮状病毒感染数是157例,占医院感染总数的10.48％。儿科轮状病毒医院感染发生率最高的是呼吸系统疾病,其次为新生儿疾病,血液系统的疾病。儿科轮状病毒医院感染的好发年龄主要在1岁-3岁。引发轮状病毒感染的危险因素有抗生素种类(OR=2.82)、抗生素使用天数(OR=0.75)、陪护感染(OR=2.88)、住院时间(OR=1.22)和器械消毒制度贯彻情况(OR=1.49)。结论 针对轮状病毒感染的危险因素,采取有效的护理干预措施,应严格控制预防性抗生素的应用,缩短住院时间,加强陪客家属的管理及加强预防医院感染的管理并落实各项消毒隔离制度,能有效降低儿科轮状病毒医院感染的发生率。

Objective To analyze the etiological features and related factors of rotaviral nosocomial infection in Children' s Hospital, and to discuss the nursing measures for it' s prevention and confrol. Methods A medical records of nosocomial infection were collected and analyzed in retrospect during the three year period from January,2000 to December,2002. Results There were 157 cases of rofaviral nosocomial infection, 10.48% of all cases of hospital infection. In the pediatric department, children with respiratory system disease had the highest rate of rotaviral nosocomial infection,then followed by newborn and blood diseases. Pediatric rotaviral nosocomial infection was mainly found among children between, between 1 yo 3 yr. old. The risk factors of rotaviral infection were types of antibiotics (OR = 2.82 ) , duration of it' s administration ( OR = 0.75 ) , infection of the attendant (OR = 2.88) ,duration of stay (OR = 1.22) ,and implementation of device disinfection regimen (OR = 1.49) .Conclusion Aimed at the risk factors of rotaviral infection,effective interventional nursing measures should be carried out. such as strict control of the preventive use of antibiotics, shortening of hospi-talstay, supervision of the attendants family members, management of preventive measures of nosocomial infection and implementation of disinfection and isolation regimen in order to effectivly lower the rate of pediatric rotaviral nosocomial infection.