门静脉和肠系膜上静脉血栓形成的介入治疗

Interventional therapy for portal venous thrombosis

目的评价介入技术治疗门静脉 (PV)和肠系膜上静脉 (SMV)血栓形成的安全性和效果。方法对 6例诊断为PV和SMV血栓形成的患者进行了经颈静脉途径经肝穿刺门静脉 (TIPS)介入治疗。经TIPS途径穿刺PV分支成功后插入导管做PV SMV造影 ,然后用 8F导管抽吸血栓 ,同时用“J”形导丝和猪尾形导管捣碎血栓 ,间断将尿激酶 (UK)经多侧孔导管注入PV和SMV。清除大部分血栓后 ,保留多侧孔导管至SMV内持续溶栓 3～ 13d。结果 6例治疗均成功 ,1例术后 12d死于腹腔脓肿。随访 4个月至 3年 ,5例健在 ,Doppler超声波复查显示PV和SV血流通畅 ,无血栓复发。结论经TIPS途径介入技术 ,包括用导管抽吸、捣碎血栓和局部溶栓治疗 ,是治疗急性症状性PV和SMV血栓形成的安全。

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of interventional techniques for the management of symptomatic portal vein (PV) and superior mesenteric vein (SMV) thrombosis. Methods Six patients with thrombosis of the PV and SMV were treated by transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic (TIPS) approach. Contrast PV SMV venography was carried out to verify the access to the PV branch. Then a 8F large bore catheter was used to aspirate thrombus. A J shaped guide wire and pig tail catheter were used to fragment the thrombus. Local thrombolysis with urokinase (UK) was delivered through a catheter in the SMV. An 4 French multiple side hole catheter was put into the SMV and UK was continuously infused for 3 to 13 days.Results The procedure was successful in all cases. One patient died of intra abdominal sepsis 12 days after. Five patients were followed up by color Doppler ultrasonography for 4～36 months with confirmed patency of the PV and SMV in all these patients. Conclusions This procedure is both safe and effective in the treatment of symptomatic PV and SMV thrombosis.