镉污染对育龄妇女生殖健康的影响

The effect of cadmium pollution on reproductive health in females

目的 探讨福建省政和县环境镉污染对女性生殖健康的影响。方法 根据环境镉污染检测结果,对镉污染较严重的2个自然村育龄妇女的生殖健康状况作调查,并与非污染区育龄妇女的生殖健康状况作对比。结果 污染区育龄妇女中,未婚女性的月经周期异常率、痛经发生率(分别为19.1％和42.6％)均高于非污染区(分别为5.7％和18.9％);污染区已婚妇女不孕症发生率(6.3％)高于非污染区已婚妇女(1.1％);已婚妇女前两胎妊娠时频发恶心、频发呕吐的发生率,前两胎早产发生率及前两胎死胎死产发生率(分别为44.7％、31.7％、10.27％和4.23％)高于非污染区已婚妇女(分别为26.5％、17.8％、2.85％和1.05％),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);累积比数模型分析表明:在控制其他因素的影响后,居住在污染区的育龄妇女,其生殖功能受到损害的可能性更大,其相对危险度是居住在非污染区育龄妇女的2.072倍(95％CI:1.526～2.813)。结论 污染区育龄妇女生殖健康的各个方面已受到不同程度的影响。

Objective To study the relationship between cadmium pollution and its adverse effects on female reproductive health status in people living in cadmium polluted area in Zhenghe, Fujian provinces. Methods Data through laboratory studies on reproductive health of female residents in Cd-pollution area were studied and compared with those in control areas in Zhenghe. Results Both prevalence rates of abnormal menstrual cycle and dysmenorrhea in unmarried women in Cd-pollution area (19.1% vs. 42.6% ) were significantly higher than those in control area (5.7% vs. 18.9% ) and the rates of sterility in married women in Cd-pollution area (6.3%) were significantly higher than those in control area (1.1% ). During the first two pregnancies, rates of queasiness, disgorgement, spontaneous abortion and stillbirth in married women in polluted area were 44.7%, 31.7%, 10.27% and 4.23%, significantly higher than those 26.5 %, 17.8 %, 2.85 % and 1.05 % in control area, with significant differences ( P < 0.05 ). Results from cumulative odds model analysis showed that: living in Cd-pollution area was a possible risk factor related to female reproductive health ( OR = 2.072), after the other risk factors being under control. Conclusion The female reproductive health status of people residing in the cadmium polluted area had already been deteriorated.