山东农村人群吸烟及其对健康影响的调查

An investigation on smoking and its health consequences in the rural population of Shandong

[目的 ] 研究吸烟对健康的影响。 [方法 ] 对农村人群中 15岁及其以上、每月 1日出生的男女及全部 40岁以上的男性 ,调查其吸烟情况、健康状况以及与健康相关因素。 [结果 ] 吸烟者消化性溃疡、全疾病等标化患病率显著高于不吸烟者 ;吸烟 2 0年以上者肺结核、慢支、肺气肿、消化性溃疡、高血压、全疾病等标化率均显著高于 2 0年以下者 ;开始吸烟年龄小于 2 0岁者消化性溃疡、慢支、全疾病等标化患病率显著高于 2 0岁以后开始者 ;吸旱烟者慢支、高血压、全疾病等标化患病率显著低于吸香烟者 ;中等吸烟量者引起消化性溃疡和慢支的危险年限分别为 9.8年和 2 9.4年。 [结论 ] 吸烟可使多种疾病患病的危险性增大 ,加强对全民 ,尤其是青少年关于烟害问题的健康教育是十分必要的。

Objectives] To study the health consequences of smoking. [Methods] People over 15 years of age born on the first day of every month and all male over 40 years of age in the rural were used as study subjects.Their smoking status, health status and factors related to health were investigated. [Results] The standardized prevalence of peptic ulcer and the total diseases were higher among smokers than nonsmokers difference significant statistically. The standardized rates of TB, chronic bronchitis, peptic ulcer, pulmonary emphysema, hypertension and the total diseases were higher among smokers who have smoked more than 20 years than within 20 years, difference also significant. The standardized rates of peptic ulcer, chronic bronchitis and the total diseases were higher among smokers who started smoking before 20 years of age than after 20 difference also significant. The standardized rates of chronic bronchitis, hypertension and total diseases were much lower among pipe smokers than among cigarette smokers. 9.8 and 29.4 years were the duration for smokers of moderate amount to develop peptic ulcer and chronic bronchitis respectively. [Conclusions] Smoking can increase the risk of many kinds of diseases. So it is necessary to strengthen health education for the whole people especially among the teen-agers that they may not take up smoking.