几种常见观赏植物花粉的电镜观察

SEM investigation on structure and shape of pollen in several ornamental plants

用扫描电镜对金盏菊等观赏植物的花粉进行了形态观察,探讨了不同科属植物花粉之间的关系.结果显示,菊科(金盏菊和绿串珠)花粉为近球形或扁球形,表面为脑网状纹饰,具刺状突起;芸香科(佛手、柚和金桔)花粉为长球形,表面具清晰的网状纹饰或穴状纹饰;木兰科(含笑和广玉兰)花粉为两侧对称,表面为拟网状或脑网状纹饰;百合科(百合和吊兰)花粉为两侧对称,表面为网状或穴状纹饰;蔷薇科(野蔷薇和月季)花粉为长球形,表面为条纹状或皱波状纹饰.表明不同科属植物的花粉大小、形状、表面纹饰不同,可作为植物学分类的依据.

This paper aimed at finding whether there are relationships among the pollen of varies families and generas.Some ornamental plants′ pollen such as Calendula officinalis L. was investigated with scanning electron microscope(SEM).The results showed the pollen grains of Composite(Calendula officinalis L. and Senecio rowleyanus Jacobs) were torulose or oblate-spheroidal with reticulate ornamentation and thorn evection in their surfaces;the pollen gains of Rutaceae(Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis (Noot.)Swingle,Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck and Fartunella margarita (Lour.)Swingle) were prolate or perprolate with reticulate or feveolate ornamentation in their surfaces;the pollen grains of Magnoliaceae(Magnoliaceae figo (Lour.) Spreng and Magnolia grandiflora Linn.) were symmetric in two sides with reticuloid or encephalic-reticulate ornamentation in their surfaces;the pollen grains of Liliaceae(Liliun brownii var. viridulum Baker and Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.)Baker) were symmetric in two sides with reticulate or feveolae ornamentation in their surfaces;the pollen grains of Rosaceae(Rosa chinensis Jacq. and Rosa multiflora Thunb.) were perprolate with striate or crisped ornamentation in their surfaces.It can be concluded that the pollen in different families and generas have different shapes,sizes and ornamentations of exine,which can be seen as one of the grounds in plants classification.