兰州城区太阳紫外辐射及其与空气污染的关系

The relations between solar ultraviolet radiation and air pollution in Lanzhou

利用太阳辐射观测及环境空气质量监测资料,分析了各种天气状况下兰州城区太阳总辐射、紫外辐射的变化特征及其与空气污染的关系。结果表明:自1960～1998年地面接收的太阳辐射总体呈下降趋势,平均下降约12％。晴天紫外辐射占总辐射的4％～5％,紫外辐射的变化趋势与总辐射相同;兰州城区NO_x,TSP质量浓度总体上呈下降趋势,O_3质量浓度从1985～1989年有所下降,之后又呈上升趋势;紫外辐射与总辐射的比值与大气浑浊度因子S/D相关性较好,二者满足指数关系,相关系数为-0.72;兰州城区机动车NO_x排放量随汽车保有量的快速增加而呈上升趋势。

The characteristics of the solar ultraviolet radiation are analyzed with the observed data on solar radiation and the monitored air quality of Lanzhou, as well as on the global radiation and air pollutants. The relations between them are also analyzed. The results show that there is a declining tendency in the solar radiation reaching the earth surface from 1960 to 1998 in Lanzhou and the average decreasing percentage is about 12%. The ratio of the solar ultraviolet radiation to the global radiation ranges from 4% to 5%, the variation tendency of solar ultraviolet radiation is similar to that of the global radiation. In general, there are declining tendencies in variations of NO_x and TSP in the recent years. The concentration of ozone decreasing from 1985 to 1989 and then appeared to be increasing year by year. The ultraviolet radiation is sensitive to the changes in air pollutants on clear days. The relations between the ratio of ultraviolet radiation to global radiation and the e -S/D are significant. The emission amount of NO_x is increasing with the increase number of cars in the city.