水力压裂技术的近期发展及展望

PRESENT DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPECTING OF HYDRAULIC FRACTURING TECHNOLOGY

水力压裂技术经过 5 0多年的发展 ,在裂缝模型、压裂井动态预测、压裂液、支撑剂、压裂施工设备、应用领域等方面均取得了惊人的发展 ,不但成为油气藏的增产增注手段 ,也成为评价认识储层的重要方法。近期水力压裂在总体优化压裂、重复压裂、大型压裂、高砂比压裂 ,端部脱沙压裂、CO2 泡沫压裂及特殊井 (斜井、水平井、深井、超深井、小井眼井等 )压裂技术方面有了进一步的完善和发展 ,压裂的单项技术也有了很大进展。国内压裂酸化技术在设计软件、压裂酸化材料、施工技术指标等方面 ,已接近国际先进水平。介绍了国内不同储层类型所适用的压裂技术 ,展望了在新型压裂材料、试验技术研究、滤失伤害和返排机理研究等方面的发展方向 ,对更好地发挥水力压裂技术在油气田勘探与开发中的作用具有重要意义。

Over 50 years of development, hydraulic fracturing has become one of the important way of stimulation and a method for reservoir evaluation, and achieved great progressing on such aspects as fracture model, dynamic prediction, fracturing fluid, propant, fracturing equipment and application fields, etc. Hydraulic fracturing has been further improved and developed in recent years, mainly on overall optimum fracturing, repeated fracturing, large-scale fracturing, high sand fracturing, and CO 2 foam fracturing, etc., and has been applied in the special well conditions such as slant well, horizontal well, deep and ultra-deep well, and slim hole. Domestically, this technology has approached the international advanced standard, especially on such aspects as design software, fracturing and acidizing material and field operation technology, etc. The suitable fracturing technology for different types of reservoir is presented, and the developing direction on novel fracturing material, testing technology, formation damage control and flow-back mechanism is also forecasted.