三江平原生态系统服务价值评估

Ecosystem Service Valuation of Sanjiang Plain

三江平原是我国最大的淡水湿地分布区 ,系统评价三江平原生态系统服务价值 ,揭示湿地在该区域生态系统服务功能中的重要地位 ,可以为湿地保护及资源可持续利用提供科学依据。本文参照中国学者制订的中国陆地生态系统单位面积服务价值表 ,估算了三江平原各种生态系统的生态服务价值 ,及生态价值的构成情况 ,表明湿地生态系统在维持三江平原生态功能上具有重要作用。三江平原生态系统总价值为 1 660 .2 9× 1 0 8元 /年 ,占全国陆地生态系统服务总价值的 2 .96%。各类生态系统的生态服务价值对总价值的贡献率有较大差异 ,湿地生态系统和森林生态系统的贡献率为最高。在三江平原每年的生态系统服务价值中 ,废物处理价值、水源涵养价值、气候调节价值、土壤形成与保护价值、生物多样性保护价值、气体调节价值所占比例较高 ,分别为 1 8.88%、1 8.5 5 %、1 6.1 9%、1 2 .81 %、1 0 .0 6%和 9.1 6%。

Sanjiang Plain is the largest freshwater wetland distribution region, The importance of evaluation of ecosystem services of Sanjiang Plain was to supply scientific grounds for wetland ecological protection and sustainable utilization of resources. According to the 'table of Chinese Ecosystem Services Value of Unit Area of Different Ecosystem Types' that was established by China scholars, the paper computed the ecosystem services of all kinds of ecosystems in Sanjiang Plain and the structure of ecosystem services. Results show that wetland ecosystem is very important in maintaining ecological functions of Sanjiang Plain. The total value of Sanjiang Plain ecosystem is 1660.29×10 8yuan/year, which is 2.96 percent of total value of whole country's terrestrial ecosystem. Variation between different ecosystem services' contribution is very big, the contributions of wetland ecosystem and forest ecosystem are higher than that of others. Among Sanjiang Plain's ecosystem services per year, value of waste-processing, water-conservation, climate-regulating, soil-forming-and-preserving, biodiversity-protecting and atmosphere-regulating are higher, respectively 18.88 percent, 18.55 percent, 16.19 percent, 12.81 percent, 10.06 percent and 9.16 percent.