13种野生观赏植物种子特性的研究

The Studies on Seed Characters of 13 Species of Wild Decorative Plants

本文利用不同催芽技术对分布在内蒙古西部干旱区 1 3种野生观赏植物 (其中 1 1种为珍稀濒危植物 )种子 (或果实 )的形态特征和萌发特性进行了观察和试验研究。结果表明 :红花海绵豆 ( Spongiocarpella grubovii( Ulzij.) Yakovl.)、蒙新苓菊 ( Jurinea mongolica Max-im.)、术叶菊 ( Synotis atractylidifolia( Ling) C. Jeffrey et Y. L . Chen)、西藏点地梅 ( An-drosace mariae Kanitz var. tibetica ( Maxim.) Hand.- Mazz.)、贺兰山女娄菜 ( Melandriumalaschanicum ( Maxim.) Y.Z.Zhao)、贺兰山南芥 ( Arabis alaschanica Maxim.)、针枝芸香( H aplophyllum tragacanthoides Diels)、四合木 ( Tetraena mongolica Maxim.) 8种植物的籽实无需任何特殊处理 ,均可顺利萌发 ,且除蒙新苓菊、术叶菊外 ,其余萌发率均在 60 %以上 ;其它 5种植物的萌发率较低 ,斑子麻黄 ( Ephedra rhytidosperma Pachom.)、内蒙古西风芹 ( Seseliintramongolicum Y. C. Ma)、贺兰山岩黄芪 ( H edysarum petrovii Yakovl.)的种子经砂纸打磨处理后 ,萌发率可提高 7～ 8倍。但短尾铁线莲 ( Clematis brevicaudata DC)、大苞点地梅 ( An-drosace gmelinii L .)即使经低温、酸蚀等处理 ,其发芽率仍然很低 。

The seed morphological characteristics and germination trait of 13 species of wild adornment plants in west arid region of Inner Mongolia were observed and experiment studied by different seed stratification technique. The result indicated:seed of Spongiocarpella grubovii (Ulzij.) Yakovl.?Jurinea mongolica Maxim.?Synotis atractylidifolia (Ling)C.Jeffrey et Y.L.Chen?Androsace.mariae Kanitz var.tibetica (Maxim.)Hand-Mazz.?Melandrium alaschanicum (Maxim.) Y.Z.Zhao?Arabis alaschanica Maxim.?Haplophyllum tragacanthoides Diels.?Tetraena mongolica Maxim. can germinate well without any special measure , the germination rates of the seeds were all over 60 percents besides of Jurinea mongolica Mixam. and Synotis atractylidifolia (Ling)C.Jeffrey et Y.L.Chen; another 5 species' germination rates were low; Ephedra rhytidosperma Pachom.?Seseli intramongolicum Y.C.Ma?Hedysarum petrovii Yakovl. were resulted in promoted germination rate by 7-8 times only after mechanical burnish. When it came to Clematis brevicaudata DC and Androsace gmelinii L., their germination rates were very poor although the seeds were decaled with several treatments such as low temperature?acid erosion, which showed that they were hard on environmental conditions. The experiment results may provide references for reasonable development and utilization of wild plant.