黑龙江省哈拉海湿地的鹤类现状及保护对策

Crane resources in Halahai wetland in Heilongjiang Province

哈拉海湿地位于黑龙江省西部,面积为6.46万hm2。笔者2000年4月15日至5月30日对哈拉海湿地鹤类资源的数量、分布、现状进行了调查。该区记录有鹤类5种,但本次调查仅见2种,即丹顶鹤和白枕鹤。丹顶鹤迁徙种群为151只;统计21个家族群,有53只,其中成鸟41只,雏鸟12只,成幼比例为3.42:1;繁殖种群为10只(5对),另4只亚成体。白枕鹤迁徙种群为6只,未见繁殖个体。白头鹤、白鹤和蓑羽鹤近几年均未见记录。分析了对该区鹤类受威胁的原因并提出了保护措施。

Halahai wetland is located in northeast Longjiang County, Heilongjiang Province. Five cranes were recorded here. A survey on cranes was made in April 15 to May 30. 2 species of cranes were seen here. They are Red-crowned Crane and White-naped Crane. 151 Red-crowned Crane was found in spring migration in April 2000; 21 families and 53 Red-crowned Crane were found. They were 41 adults and 12 juveniles. The ratio of adult and juvenile was 3.42:1. 10 adults and 4 juveniles were recorded in summer. Only 6 White-naped Crane were seen in spring 2000, and no breeding individual was record here for some years. Hooded Crane, Siberian Crane and Demoiselle Crane have disappeared over ten years. The threat reasons for cranes were analyses, and conservation methods were provided.