塔克拉玛干沙漠西北边缘植被特征与生态保护策略

A Study on Vegetation Character and Ecology Tragetry of Northwest edge in Taklamkan Desert,Xinjiang

塔克拉玛干沙漠西北地区属于暖温带干旱荒漠气候 ,植物区系包括中亚成分、古地中海成分等 ,分布着荒漠生态系统、自然绿洲生态系统和自然水域生态系统 ,在过境河流两岸分布着草垫带 -森林带 -固定沙包带 -流沙带 ,植被类型有草甸植被、森林植被、灌木植被、沙生植被和盐生植被。水分状况是导致区域植被变化的主要因素 ,人类活动也在影响植物群落演替变迁。本文通过实地调查 ,分析了区域生态系统、植被群落类型及其结构特征和植被动态演替 ,分析了各种植被类型的生态与生产功能。并对合理利用水资源、保护绿洲、荒漠过渡带植被、优化荒漠边缘带生态系统、促进绿洲可持续发展提出对策建议。

Northwest Taklamakan desert belongs to arid desert climate of the warm temperate zone. Flora in this region include century Asia component, ancient Mediterranean Sea component, and so on. There are desert ecosystems, natural water ecosystem and oasis ecosystem. Beside watercourse, there exist bedding belt forest belt, noted sand dunes belt. Styles of vegetation include meadow vegetation, forest vegetation, shrub vegetation, sand living vegetation, and salt living vegetation. Moisture status is the major factor that results in variety of vegetation distriction. Human factor also influnce vegetation succession. Based on investigation on the spot this paper analyzes ecosystem of area, plants characters and dynamic succession of vegetation structures. At same time, ecology and production of vegetation are also discussed. In the end, it is suggested to utilized water resource rationally, to protect vegetation of oasis-desert transition belt, to optimize ecosystem of desert edges, to advance oasis sustained development.