玉米自交系和杂交种对六种玉米病害的抗性鉴定

Identification of Resistance of Corn Hybrids and Self-lines to Six Corn Diseases

1986～1991年在保定、承德、唐山三个不同生态区设统一病圃,对1342份玉米材料进行了5886份次的玉米大、小斑病、丝黑穗病、青枯病、矮花叶病的人工接种鉴定和玉米粗缩病的病区自然发病鉴定.鉴定出抗5～6种玉米病害的自交系82份,占鉴定自交系的8.4%,杂交种102份,占鉴定杂交种的27.8%.玉米自交系53,冀35,承191,2094,5003等,杂交种烟单14,丹玉13,冀承单5号、掖单2号等既抗玉米大、小斑病,又抗3种以上其它玉米病害.通过对杂交种及其亲本自交系的多抗性鉴定看出,只有从多抗玉米自交系中才能选育出多抗玉米杂交种.

Disease nurseries were established in three diffcncnl ecological regions in Baoding, Chcngdc and Tangshan from 1986 to 1991. 1342 corn materials were tested for 5886 times to identify Helminthosporium turcicum Pass, Helminthosporium maydis Nishik ct Miyabc, Sphacelotheca reiliana (Kuhn) clint., MDMV and basal stalk rot through artificial inoculation and MRDV through natural inoculation. 82 self-lines (8.4% of total amount) and 102 hybrids (27.8% of total amount) were certificated lo be resistant to 5-6 diseases. For example, self-lines 53, Ji 35, Cheng 191, 2094, 5003 and hybrids Yandan 1.4, Danyu 13, Jichcngdan 5, Ycdan 4 are resistant to more than 3 diseases besides Helminthosporium turcicum and Helminth osporium maydis. It may be seen that multi-resisiant hybrids can be selected only from multi-resistant self-lines.