加拿大披碱草与肥披碱草杂种F_1的形态学及细胞学研究

Analysis on Growth, Development and Cytology of Hybrid F_1 between (Elymus) canadensis and E. excelsus

为了解加拿大披碱草与肥披碱草杂种F1的育性状况、细胞遗传学基础和育种潜力,用定株观测、花粉染色、染色体制片镜检等方法,对杂种F1的生育特性、染色体构型等进行了研究。结果表明,杂种F1植株生长势很强,生长速度和株高明显超过其双亲,株型倾向母本加拿大披碱草,穗较长,穗型呈中间型,叶片宽大,花粉可育率及结实率均为0;F1为五倍体(2n=5x=35),其PMCM 平均染色体构型为5.79 +14.31 +0.17 ,后期 出现染色体桥和落后染色体。

In order to investigate the fertility, cytogenetic basis and breeding potential for selecting and utilizing interspecific hybrid between (Elymus) canadensis and E. excelsus, the growth, fertility, cytogenetic characters etc. were analyzed with the methods of measuring fixed plants, staining pollen and (checking) chromosome slide etc. The results showed that the growth potentiality of hybrid F_1 was much stronger, hybrid F_1 was superior to its parents in growth rate and average plant height obviously, the plant type of F_1 tended to maternal parent (Elymus) canadensis, the ear was longer, ear type was in the middle of parents, the leaves were broader and (larger), the pollen fterility rate and seedset rate was 0; the hybrid F_1 is pentaploid (2n=5x=35), the average chromosome pairing configurations at metaphaseⅠin pollen mother cells is 5.79I+14.31Ⅱ+0.17Ⅲ, and there were bridge fragment and lagging chromosome at anaphaseⅠ, the chromosome irregular (behavior) of the pollen mother cell at meiosis was the main cause to result in hybrid F_1 infertility.