小麦品质性状与一些生化性状的典型相关及逐步回归分析

Investigation on Relationship between Some Biochemical Characters and Quality Traits in Common Wheat

选用18个品质差异较大的黄淮海优质小麦产业带国家小麦展示品种,研究出粉率、籽粒硬度、沉淀值、湿面筋含量等品质性状与面粉总蛋白质含量、总聚合体蛋白、大聚合体蛋白含量及比例等生化性状间的关系,旨在探讨小麦育种中利用一些简单、易测的生化指标筛选品质性状的可行性。结果表明,小麦面粉总蛋白质含量、总聚合体蛋白含量和大聚合体蛋白含量3个生化性状对3个品质性状筛选指标即籽粒硬度、沉淀值和湿面筋含量有显著正向作用;逐步回归分析表明,影响籽粒硬度(Y2)、湿面筋含量(Y4)和吸水率(Y5)的关键生化性状是面粉总蛋白质含量(X1)。湿面筋含量与面粉总蛋白质含量间量化关系为Y4=4.3054X1-18.5971,相关系数0.9992,达极显著水平;总聚合体蛋白含量(X2)、大聚合体蛋白含量占总聚合体蛋白含量的百分比(X6)是影响沉淀值(Y3)的两个关键生化性状,其回归方程为Y3=8.2784X2+0.4930X6-54.8929,相关系数0.7498,达极显著水平。本文还就以面粉总蛋白含量、总聚合体蛋白含量、大聚合体蛋白含量代替品质指标用于小麦品质育种的可能性进行了讨论。

Eighteen wheat cultivars with very different quality traits were chosen to investigate the relationship between some biochemical characters and (quality) traits. The results indicated that total flour (protein), total (polymeric) (protein) and unextractable macropolymeric (protein) content contributed significantly and positively to (quality) traits, grain hardnees, sedimentation value and wet gluten content. The double-stepwise regression (analysis) of wheat (quality) traits to some biochemical characters showed that total (polymeric) (protein) content (X_2) and the percent of macropolymeric glutenin in total polymeric (protein) (X_6) were the most important factors (influncing) sedimentation value (Y_3) of wheat,its regression equation was Y_3=8.2784X_2+0.4930X_6-(54.8929), and the correlation coefficient was 0.7498, which was at the very significant level. While, flour (protein) content (X_1) was the key factor determining wet gluten content (Y_4), the regression equation was Y_4=4.3054X_1-(18.5971), and the correlation coefficient was 0.9992. Moreover, the possibility of utilizing some (biochemical) (parameters) to screen (quality) traits in wheat breeding process was discussed in the paper.