小麦优异种质资源农艺性状综合鉴定与评价

Evaluation in Agronomic Traits of Wheat Germplasm

通过田间观测和室内分析,对来自全国各生态地区的261份小麦优异种质资源在陕西杨凌连续三年进行了农艺性状鉴定及综合评价。结果表明,在这些小麦种质材料中,千粒重、株高的变异系数较低,育种时容易选择。性状相关分析表明,随着穗长的增长以及穗粒数和千粒重的增加,穗粒重有增加的趋势;随着穗长的增长,株高有增加的趋势;株高的增加有助于增加穗粒数,但千粒重随之下降。另外,从这些小麦种质中筛选出适应本生态条件、综合性状好的材料22份,其中大穗、大粒类3份,优质类8份,抗病类4份,矮秆类1份,多穗多粒类2份,早熟类3份,抗寒类1份。

261 accessions of common wheat from different ecological regions were evaluated in Yangling, Shaanxi. The results showed that the standard error of 1000-grain weight and plant height were lower and they are easy in selection of breeding. Correlation analysis of characters showed that the (increase) in number of grains per spike and spike length and 1000-grain weight would cause the (increase) in the spike weight. And the (increase) in the number of grain per spike and spike length would cause the (increase) in the plant height and the decrease of 1000-grain weight. 22 accessions of common wheat with good agronomic characteristics were (selected), among those 3 accessions with big spike and big seed,8 accessions with high protein, 4 accessions with (diseases) resistance, 1 accessions with short plant, 2 accessions with many spike and many seed, 3 accessions with early mature, 1 accessions with resistance to coldmess. All of these accessions could be used as resistant donor or (resources) in wheat breeding.