北京市不同社会经济状况老年人的预期寿命和健康预期寿命

Life and active life expectancy of elderly people with different socioeconomic status in Beijing

目的:了解北京老年群体中社会经济状况对人群预期寿命和健康预期寿命的影响。方法:样本来自北京老龄化纵向研究,对象为北京市城区(宣武)、近郊(大兴)、远郊(怀柔)55岁以上的人群,1992年基线调查3257例,由经过培训的调访员入户作问卷调查。1994,1997年对该样本随访,了解存活和健康状况。根据能否独立完成日常生活活动(ADL)认定功能健康与否。社会经济状况(socioeconomicstatus,SES)的指标选用教育、收入、职业和家庭拥有财物4项,并均按两分法分为高、低两水平,根据基线调查结果区分每人的各指标所在的高、低位置。利用IMaCH软件多状态生命表法计算预期寿命(lifeexpectancy,LE)、健康预期寿命(activelifeexpectancy,ALE)。结果:老年人LE和ALE男性均低与于女性,但男性ALE/LE高于女性。按不同指标计算,SES高水平者较低水平者男性LE增加20%～52%(延长2.1～5.77年)、女性增加4%～25%(延长0.6～4.3年),ALE男性增加30%～77%(延长2.1～4.0年)、女性增加5%～73%(延长0.6～5.6年)。不同指标与寿命相关的程度不同,男性中收入和财物拥有与ALE/LE的关系最大,女性以家庭财物拥有影响明显。高、低组间的差距随增龄加大。结论:北京市老年人中SES高水平的人较低SES水平的人,有更长的预期寿命和健康预期寿命和较高的ALE/LE?

AIM:To study the effect of socioeconomic status(SES) on the life expectancy(LE) and active life expectancy(ALE) among the elderly people in Beijing.METHODS:The samples were collected from the people aged over 55 years old lived in urban(Xuanwu) and two rural areas(Daxing and Hairou) of Beijing.The base line survey was performed in 3 257 subjects in 1992,they were investigated with questionnaires at home by well trained interviewers.The follow up was carried out in 1994 and 1997,and their survival and health status were studied.The state of activity was defined according to whether they could perform activities of daily life(ADL).Education,income,occupation and ownership of household possessions were taken as the indexes of SES.The individuals were dichotomized to high or low status,and the high or low status of the indexes was classified according to the results of the baseline study.IMaCh software for multi state life table method was used to determine the LE and ALE.RESULTS:Both LE and ALE of the elderly people were lower in females than in males,but ALE/LE was higher in males.The LE of males with high SES was increased by 20%to 52%(prolonged 2.1 to 5.77 years) as compared with those with low SES,and LE of females was increased by 4%-25%(prolonged 0.6 to 4.3 years).The ALE in males was increased by 30%to 70%(prolonged 2.1 to 4.0 years),and ALE in females was increased by 5%to 73%(prolonged 0.6 to 5.6 years).Different indexes had influence of different degrees on the life span.The income and household possession had the greatest relation with ALE/LE in males,and household possession had obvious effect in females.The difference between the high and low groups became greater along with the increasing age.CONCLUSION:Among the Beijing elderly people with higher SES can expect to live longer and spend more years in active state than those with lower SES.Widening of SES gap in active life occurrs as age increasing.Some gender difference in the association is observed.