小麦抗纹枯病种质资源的鉴定与创新

Identification and innovation of resistance to sharp eyespot (Rizoctonia cerealis) in wheat germplasms

采用土壤接种方法 ,1996～ 1999年从国内外小麦资源中筛选抗纹枯病种质。发现小麦品种对纹枯病的抗性存在差异 ,其中表现抗病的品种 (相对抗病指数大于 0 80 )有 8份 ,都是国外品种 ,另有 2 6份国外品种表现中抗 ;国内地方品种有 9份表现中抗 ;国内改良品种纹枯病抗性较差。利用ARz、CI12 63 3、Niavt 14、Rendezvous等抗源与农艺性状较优的大面积推广品种扬麦 15 8、宁麦 9号、淮麦 17等杂交 ,创造新的抗病种质 ,目前已筛选出一批抗纹枯病的小麦新种质。

This study was conducted to screening the resistance to wheat sharp eyespot in landraces and varieties. Response of these lines to Rizoctonia cerealis were evaluated in field trial using soil-inoculation method in 1996-1999. There were significant differences in disease incident among the tested varieties. Among tested germplasms, 8 introduced varieties showed good resistance to the disease (relative resistance index exceeded 0.8), 26 introduced varieties and 9 landraces were identified as moderate resistance. There were not immune and highly-resistant varieties in the improved cultivars or lines, most of them were tested as susceptible and highly-susceptible. By crossing between widespread varieties and germplasms with good resistance, the resistance and yield of cultivars could be improved. We have obtained some individuals with excellent resistance to wheat sharp eyespot.