铁路沿线风吹雪灾害及其防治研究

Study on the Drifting Snow Disaster along Railway and Preventive Treatment

新疆精—伊铁路经过的风吹雪灾害多发区最大风速平均值为14 0m·s-1,30年一遇的最大风速与最大积雪深度分别为20 3m·s-1和160cm,平均冬季降水量153 2mm。在风吹雪多发区,铁路风吹雪灾害的主要类型是路堑型风吹雪沉积,其次是低填路堤型风吹雪沉积。路堤低、路堤边坡平缓,路面上易发生风吹雪沉积;路堑边坡的角度越小、路堑越深、路堑走向与主导风向的夹角越小,风吹雪沉积越不易发生。在风吹雪害多发区,铁路路堤设计的适宜高度为200～1500cm。风吹雪的防治应以设防风吹雪走廊和下导风板为主,并辅以侧导板和挡雪墙等。

The mean value of the maximum wind speed is 14.0 m&middots-1 in the drifting snow disaster frequently occurred region along Jinghe-Yining railway of Xinjiang. The maximum wind speed and the maximum snow cover depth occurred once every 30 years is 20.3 m&middots-1 and 160 cm respectively. The average precipitation in winter is 153.2 mm. In drifting snow frequently occurred region, the main type of drifting snow disaster is drifting snow deposition in cutting and secondly drifting snow deposition on low-fill embankment. Drifting snow deposition easily occurs on low embankment, embankment with gentle slope and road surface. While drifting snow deposition does not likely occur on cutting slope with small angle, deep cutting and the small inclination angle between the cutting strike and the prevailing wind direction is small. In drifting snow frequently occurred region, the adequate design height for railway embankment is 200-1500 cm. The preventive treatment for drifting snow disaster should be focused on corridor and wind-inducing board, together with side wind-inducing board and snow blocking wall as the secondary preventive treatment.